Although the SCL CSQ previously demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, only a few studies have analysed its sensitivity to change.11, 14 Therefore, future research should focus on addressing this topic with regard to the SCI population as well as improving psychological interventions (for example, coping effectiveness training).11 Moreover, further research will be needed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SCL CSQ-S in other Spanish-speaking populations in order to evaluate transcultural validation of the questionnaire.
coping styles questionnaire csq-3 pdf download
When do these sex differences emerge in development? Del Giudice (2009) reviewed the available literature and concluded that attachment styles appear to become sexually differentiated during the transition from early to middle childhood. Subsequent studies of attachment in middle childhood employing self-report questionnaires and doll-play tasks have consistently found lower levels of avoidance and higher levels of preoccupation in girls (e.g., Chen and Chang 2012; Kerns et al. 2011; Toth et al. 2013). In contrast, attachment interviews tailored to middle childhood have failed to reveal significant sex differences (e.g., Bakersman-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn 2009; Shmueli-Goetz et al. 2008; Venta et al. 2014).
In summary, there is evidence that sex differences in attachment become apparent starting from middle childhood (at least in self-report questionnaires and doll-play tasks), and theoretical considerations point to a likely involvement of sex hormones at multiple time points. To our knowledge, however, no study has yet investigated the association between attachment styles and indices of sex hormones activity. In the present study we aimed to provide an initial test of this hypothesized association by correlating attachment styles in middle childhood with individual differences in the 2D:4D digit ratio, an anatomical marker of early exposure to sex hormones.
Mental Adaptation to Cancer (Mini-MAC), measuring the level of mental adjustment to cancer [10] - the questionnaire consists of 29 statements highlighting four ways of coping with the disease: anxious preoccupation, fighting spirit, helplessness-hopelessness, and positive reassessment. While anxiety and helplessness-hopelessness shape a passive (destructive) style of dealing with the disease, fighting spirit and positive reassessment impact on the active (constructive) type of dealing with the illness. For every Mini-MAC statement, there are four response scales from 1 (definitely no) to 4 (definitely yes). Points in each strategy are computed separately subject to a series of numbers derived in the analysis results, and for which the final score may range from 7 to 28 points. The higher the score, the greater the coping strategy.
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